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타이틀	Orion Landing Simulation Eight Soil Model Comparison
저자	Mark, Stephen D.
Keyword	LANDING SIMULATION;; SOILS;; CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE;; SPACECRAFT MODULES;; SIMULATION;; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD;; ANGLES (GEOMETRY); ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION;; CENTER OF GRAVITY;; GANTRY CRANES;; SPACECRAFT PERFORMANCE;; KINETIC ENERGY;; AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE;;
URL	http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090026521
보고서번호	LF99-8510;; NASA/CR-2009-215757
발행년도	2009
출처	NTRS (NASA Technical Report Server)
ABSTRACT	LS-DYNA finite element simulations of a rigid Orion Crew Module (CM) were used to investigate the CM impact behavior on eight different soil models. Ten different landing conditions, characterized by the combination of CM vertical and horizontal velocity, hang angle, and roll angle were simulated on the eight different soils. The CM center of gravity accelerations, pitch angle, kinetic energy, and soil contact forces were the outputs of interest. The simulation results are presented, with comparisons of the CM behavior on the different soils. The soils analyzed in this study can be roughly categorized as soft, medium, or hard, according to the CM accelerations that occur when landing on them. The soft group is comprised of the Carson Sink Wet soil and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Low Density Dry Sand. The medium group includes Carson Sink Dry, the KSC High Density In-Situ Moisture Sand and High Density Flooded Sand, and Cuddeback B. The hard soils are Cuddeback A and the Gantry Unwashed Sand. The softer soils were found to produce lower peak accelerations, have more stable pitch behavior, and to be less sensitive to the landing conditions. This investigation found that the Cuddeback A soil produced the highest peak accelerations and worst stability conditions, and that the best landing performance was achieved on the KSC Low Density Dry Sand.